The following table shows the occurrence of deities on coins of Cilicia Trachea minted in the pre-Hellenistic period. The table does not distinguish whether the deities are depicted on the obverse or reverse of the coins. The last row includes coins without an explicit depiction of a deity. These coins depict mythical creatures such as Pegasus, Gorgon and Sphinx, or various secular motifs.
Anemourion | Aphrodisias | Holmoi | Kelenderis | Nagidos | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aphrodite (sometimes with Eros) |
staters, obols |
staters, third staters, obols, hemiobols, tetartemorions, bronze coins | |||
Apollo | staters | staters, obols, hemiobols, bronze coins | |||
Athena (sometimes bearing Nike) |
staters | staters, obols, hemiobols, bronze coins | obols, hemiobols | ||
Baal | obols, bronze coins | ||||
Dionysos | staters, third staters, obols, hemiobols, bronze coins | ||||
Herakles | staters | ||||
Hermes | obols | ||||
Pan | obols, bronze coins | ||||
Tyche | obols | ||||
uncertain male deity | obols | ||||
no explicit deity | staters, third staters, obols | staters, third staters, obols, hemiobols, bronze coins | obols |
The coins of coins of Anemourion and Aphrodisias probably provide only an incomplete and uncertain overview of the deities worshipped. Only two staters from Anemourion are known, both struck from the same dies. As for Aphrodisias, no coin can be attributed to this mint with certainty
The first issues of Holmoi from the 5th century BC (Group 1) do not depict any deity or divine attribute except for the obols depicting Pegasus. However, coins from the 4th century BC (Group 2) depict Apollo, Athena and a bearded god, probably Zeus, Poseidon or Kronos.
Kelenderis is the only city that has never minted staters with any deity. Only on some obols and hemiobols does the goddess Athena appear. In addition, we find the gorgoneion1 on Kelenderis bronze coins and on some obols and hemiobols. Other mythological creatures are represented by Pegasus. Note that according to Aelius Herodianus, who mentions the Samian origin of Kelenderis, the sacred precinct of Hera was located near the city.2 This makes sense given the significant cult of Hera on Samos. However, neither this goddess nor any of her attributes are depicted on the coins. The cult of Athena appears to have been more prominent in Kelenderis at the time of the minting of these coins (5th to 4th century BC).
The widest representation of various deities can be found on Nagidos coins. On these coins we find Aphrodite, Baal, Dionysos, Pan and Tyche. The main deities were Aphrodite and Dionysos, who appear on most stater issues and can also be found on lower denominations. On some staters, Aphrodite is accompanied by Eros.
1The gorgoneion was a protection symbol showing the Gorgon’s head. It was one of the oldest attributes of Athena and it was also linked with Zeus.
2Aelius Herodianus, Herodiani Technici Reliquiae, Vol. 2, 925.6. For the foundation of Kelenderis by the Samian colonists, see Cilicia Trachea in the Classical Period / Mints in the Classical Period / Kelenderis.
2 April 2022 – 8 November 2024