Introductory note Analysed coins Die links Visual catalogue

Introductory note

This section presents only the die links identified between individual types and variants of Group 3 staters of Kelenderis, rather than a complete die analysis. These die links form part of the evidence used to establish the relative chronology of the coin types presented in the Chronology section.

Analysed coins

Coin catalogue section:	Kelenderis, Group 3
Coin corpus dataset:	Kelenderis, Group 3

The number of analysed coins recorded in the corpus as of 25 July 2026 is presented in Table 1.

Type	Count
3.1	36
3.2	18
3.3	1
3.4	3
3.5	5
3.6	2
3.7	62
3.8	47
3.9	27
3.10	6
3.11	4
3.12	9
3.13	13
3.14	5
3.15	16
3.16	16
3.17	7
Total	277

Table 1: Number of analysed coins

Die links

The identified links between obverse dies are listed in Table 2, and those between reverse dies in Table 3. The linked dies are designated by lowercase letters ‘o’ and ‘r’ because the tables do not list all dies used to strike Group 3 staters of Kelenderis, but only those linking certain types and variants. The Stage column indicates the degree of die wear where this can be determined reliably: the higher the value, the later the die state.

Die	Stage	Type
o1	1	3.1a, 3.2a
	2	3.3
o2	–	3.1d, 3.1e, 3.8a, 3.8b
o3	1	3.1a, 3.2a
	2	3.2b
	3	3.2c
o4	2	3.5b
	1	3.15a
	Note: For Type 3.5b, the letter Φ was erased from the obverse die.
o5	–	3.5c, 3.5d
o6	3	3.6a, 3.6b
	1	3.17a, 3.17b, 3.17c
	2	3.17d, 3.17e
o7	–	3.7c, 3.11
o8	1	3.13a, 3.13c
	2	3.7d
o9	–	3.8h, 3.8j, 3.8k
o10	2	3.8c
	1	3.8e
	3	3.10
o11	1	3.9a, 3.9b, 3.9d
	2	3.9c, 3.9f
	3	3.9e, 3.9g
	Note: Progressive wear of the obverse die is visible at the base of the horse’s tail.
o12	–	3.12a, 3.12b
o13	3	3.13d
	2	3.14a
	1	3.14b
o14	–	3.15b, 3.15c, 3.15d, 3.15e
o15	–	3.16b, 3.16c
o16	1	3.8l
	2	3.8d
o17	–	3.7a, 3.10

Table 2: Obverse die links

Die	Stage	Type
r1	1	3.1d
	2	3.1e
	Note: For variant 3.1e, the letter Κ was added to the exergue on the reverse.
r2	1	3.5b
	2	3.5c, 3.5d
	Note: Variants 3.5b–d were struck from the same reverse die, but variants 3.5c and 3.5d each have a different monogram in the exergue. This means that one monogram was erased from the die and replaced by another. However, the order of these two variants cannot be determined from the photographs.
r3	1	3.9a
	2	3.9d
	Note: In variant 3.9d, the letter N was added to the right field and the letter M to the exergue.
r4	3	3.9g
	1	3.12a
	2	3.12b
	Note: A monogram was added above the goat in Stage 2. At Stage 3, small die cracks are visible below the goat’s right foreleg and behind its right hind leg.
r5	1	3.15b
	2	3.15c
	Note: In variant 3.15c, a monogram was added to the exergue.
r6	2	3.15d
	1	3.16b
	Note: In variant 3.15d, the letter O was added below the goat and a kerykeion was added to the exergue.

Table 3: Reverse die links

The die links identified in Tables 2 and 3 are illustrated in Figure 1. Arrows indicate transitions from earlier to later die states. Where the earlier state cannot be reliably distinguished from the later one, the die link is represented by a line without an arrow. Types with the goat oriented to the left are marked in green.

Figure 1: Die-link diagrams

Visual catalogue

Photo credits are provided in the coin corpus dataset for Kelenderis, Group 3.

Type 3.1a (Ref. No. KE3004). Obverse and reverse die links: o1/–.

Type 3.2a (Ref. No. KE3034). Obverse and reverse die links: o1/–.

Type 3.3 (Ref. No. KE3052). Obverse and reverse die links: o1/–.

Type 3.1d (Ref. No. KE3012). Obverse and reverse die links: o2/r1.

Type 3.1e (Ref. No. KE3015). Obverse and reverse die links: o2/r1.

Type 3.8a (Ref. No. KE3117). Obverse and reverse die links: o2/–.

Type 3.8b (Ref. No. KE3121). Obverse and reverse die links: o2/–.

Type 3.1a (Ref. No. KE3277). Obverse and reverse die links: o3/–.

Type 3.2a (Ref. No. KE3035). Obverse and reverse die links: o3/–.

Type 3.2b (Ref. No. KE3043). Obverse and reverse die links: o3/–.

Type 3.2c (Ref. No. KE3051). Obverse and reverse die links: o3/–.

Type 3.5b (Ref. No. KE3057). Obverse and reverse die links: o4/r2.

Type 3.15a (Ref. No. KE3219). Obverse and reverse die links: o4/–.

Type 3.5c (Ref. No. KE3058). Obverse and reverse die links: o5/r2.

Type 3.5d (Ref. No. KE3059). Obverse and reverse die links: o5/r2.

Type 3.6a (Ref. No. KE3060). Obverse and reverse die links: o6/–.

Type 3.6b (Ref. No. KE3061). Obverse and reverse die links: o6/–.

Type 3.17a (Ref. No. KE3247). Obverse and reverse die links: o6/–.

Type 3.17b (Ref. No. KE3248). Obverse and reverse die links: o6/–.

Type 3.17c (Ref. No. KE3249). Obverse and reverse die links: o6/–.

Type 3.17d (Ref. No. KE3251). Obverse and reverse die links: o6/–.

Type 3.17e (Ref. No. KE3252). Obverse and reverse die links: o6/–.

Type 3.7c (Ref. No. KE3095). Obverse and reverse die links: o7/–.

Type 3.11 (Ref. No. KE3190). Obverse and reverse die links: o7/–.

Type 3.7d (Ref. No. KE3107). Obverse and reverse die links: o8/–.

Type 3.13a (Ref. No. KE3201). Obverse and reverse die links: o8/–.

Type 3.13c (Ref. No. KE3207). Obverse and reverse die links: o8/–.

Type 3.8h (Ref. No. KE3146). Obverse and reverse die links: o9/–.

Type 3.8j (Ref. No. KE3154). Obverse and reverse die links: o9/–.

Type 3.8k (Ref. No. KE3156). Obverse and reverse die links: o9/–.

Type 3.8c (Ref. No. KE3130). Obverse and reverse die links: o10/–.

Type 3.8e (Ref. No. KE3137). Obverse and reverse die links: o10/–.

Type 3.10 (Ref. No. KE3187). Obverse and reverse die links: o10/–.

Type 3.9a (Ref. No. KE3162). Obverse and reverse die links: o11/r3.

Type 3.9b (Ref. No. KE3163). Obverse and reverse die links: o11/–.

Type 3.9c (Ref. No. KE3164). Obverse and reverse die links: o11/–.

Type 3.9d (Ref. No. KE3166). Obverse and reverse die links: o11/r3.

Type 3.9e (Ref. No. KE3175). Obverse and reverse die links: o11/–.

Type 3.9f (Ref. No. KE3177). Obverse and reverse die links: o11/–.

Type 3.9g (Ref. No. KE3181). Obverse and reverse die links: o11/r4.

Type 3.12a (Ref. No. KE3193). Obverse and reverse die links: o12/r4.

Type 3.12b (Ref. No. KE3197). Obverse and reverse die links: o12/r4.

Type 3.13d (Ref. No. KE3209). Obverse and reverse die links: o13/–.

Type 3.14a (Ref. No. KE3213). Obverse and reverse die links: o13/–.

Type 3.14b (Ref. No. KE3215). Obverse and reverse die links: o13/–.

Type 3.15b (Ref. No. KE3223). Obverse and reverse die links: o14/r5.

Type 3.15c (Ref. No. KE3228). Obverse and reverse die links: o14/r5.

Type 3.15d (Ref. No. KE3229). Obverse and reverse die links: o14/r6.

Type 3.15e (Ref. No. KE3230). Obverse and reverse die links: o14/–.

Type 3.16b (Ref. No. KE3242). Obverse and reverse die links: o15/r6.

Type 3.16c (Ref. No. KE3245). Obverse and reverse die links: o15/–.

Type 3.8d (Ref. No. KE3131). Obverse and reverse die links: o16/–.

Type 3.8l (Ref. No. KE3272). Obverse and reverse die links: o16/–.

Type 3.7a (Ref. No. KE3076). Obverse and reverse die links: o17/–.

Type 3.10 (Ref. No. KE3278). Obverse and reverse die links: o17/–.