Introductory note Analysed coins Die links Visual catalogue

Introductory note

This section presents only the die links identified between individual types and variants of Group 2 staters of Kelenderis, rather than a complete die analysis. These die links form part of the evidence used to establish the relative chronology of the coin types presented in the Chronology section.

Analysed coins

Coin catalogue section:	Kelenderis, Group 2
Coin corpus dataset:	Kelenderis, Group 2

The number of analysed coins recorded in the corpus as of 6 July 2025 is presented in Table 1.

Type	Count
2.1	2
2.2	9
2.3	10
2.4	10
2.5	3
2.6	37
2.7	15
2.8	36
2.9	16
2.10	24
2.11	40
2.12	45
Total	247

Table 1: Number of analysed coins

Die links

The identified links between obverse dies are listed in Table 2, and those between reverse dies in Table 3. The linked dies are designated by lowercase letters ‘o’ and ‘r’ because the tables do not list all dies used to strike Group 2 staters of Kelenderis, but only those linking certain types and variants. The Stage column indicates the degree of die wear where this can be determined reliably: the higher the value, the later the die state. For dies described in Kraay 1962, the corresponding specimen numbers and die designations used in that publication are also given.

Die	Stage	Type	Kraay 1962
			no.	obverse	reverse
o1	1	2.3a	–	–	–
	2	2.3b	–	–	–
o2	1	2.7a	1	O1	R1
	2	2.7b	2	O1	R2B
o3	1	2.9a	5	O3A	R2A
	2	2.9b	6	O3B	R2A
	3	2.9c	7	O3B	R3B
	Note: The retrograde letter Π was added behind the horse’s forelegs on variants 2.9b and 2.9c.
o4	1	2.10b	12	O7	R7B
	2	2.12b	–	O7	R10
	Note: Kraay 1962 assigns the same obverse die, O7, to his coins nos. 11 (Type 2.10a) and 12 (Type 2.10b). However, coin no. 11 is not illustrated, and comparison of the specimens in the Coin Corpus indicates that Types 2.10a and 2.10b were struck from different obverse dies (compare the different positions of the rider’s right hand holding the reins). Type 2.10a is therefore not included here.
o5	1	2.4a	15	O10	R9
	2	2.4b	–	O10	R9
	Note: The cited specimens of these two variants were struck from the same obverse and reverse dies; variant 2.4b differs only in having the letter Π added to the obverse die.
o6	1	2.6b	17	O11	R7B
	2	2.12a	19	O11	R10
	2	2.12c	21	O11	R12
	2	2.12d	20	O11	R11
o7	1	2.5a	–	–	–
	2	2.5b	–	–	–

Table 2: Obverse die links

Die	Stage	Type	Kraay 1962
			no.	obverse	reverse
r1	1	2.2a	–	–	–
	2	2.2b	–	–	–
r2	1	2.3b	–	–	–
	2	2.3c	–	–	–
r3	2	2.7b	2	O1	R2B
	1	2.9a	5	O3A	R2A
	1	2.9b	6	O3B	R2A
	Note: Kraay 1962 assigns the same reverse die, R2B, to his coins nos. 18 (Type 2.6d) and 2 (Type 2.7b). However, coin no. 18 is not illustrated, and comparison of the specimens in the Coin Corpus indicates that Types 2.6d and 2.7b were struck from different reverse dies. Type 2.6d is therefore not included here.
r4	1	2.8d	4	O2	R3A
	2	2.9c	7	O3B	R3B
r5	2	2.8b	–	–	R4
	1	2.11a	8	O4	R4
r6	2	2.6b	17	O11	R7B
			22	O12	R7B
	1	2.10a	11	O7	R7A
	2	2.10b	12	O7	R7B
	Note: The reverse die used for Types 2.6b and 2.10b differs from that used for Type 2.10a in having the letter Λ added in the exergue.
r7	1	2.4a	15	O10	R9
	2	2.4b	–	O10	R9
	Note: The cited specimens of these two variants were struck from the same obverse and reverse dies; variant 2.4b differs only in having the letter Π added to the obverse die.
r8	1	2.12a	19	O11	R10
	1	2.12b	–	O7	R10
r9	1	2.5a	–	–	–
	2	2.5b	–	–	–

Table 3: Reverse die links

The die links identified in Tables 2 and 3 are illustrated in Figure 1. Arrows indicate transitions from earlier to later die states. Where the earlier state cannot be reliably distinguished from the later one, the die link is represented by a line without an arrow.

Figure 1: Die-link diagrams

Visual catalogue

Photo credits are provided in the coin corpus dataset for Kelenderis, Group 2.

Type 2.2a (Ref. No. KE2003). Obverse and reverse die links: –/r1.

Type 2.2b (Ref. No. KE2010). Obverse and reverse die links: –/r1.

Type 2.3a (Ref. No. KE2015). Obverse and reverse die links: o1/–.

Type 2.3b (Ref. No. KE2017). Obverse and reverse die links: o1/r2.

Type 2.3c (Ref. No. KE2020). Obverse and reverse die links: –/r2.

Type 2.4a (Ref. No. KE2026). Obverse and reverse die links: o5/r7.

Type 2.4b (Ref. No. KE2029). Obverse and reverse die links: o5/r7.

Type 2.5a (Ref. No. KE2032). Obverse and reverse die links: o7/r9.

Type 2.5b (Ref. No. KE2244). Obverse and reverse die links: o7/r9.

Type 2.6b (Ref. No. KE2045). Obverse and reverse die links: o6/r6.

Type 2.7a (Ref. No. KE2074). Obverse and reverse die links: o2/–.

Type 2.7b (Ref. No. KE2082). Obverse and reverse die links: o2/r3.

Type 2.8b (Ref. No. KE2102). Obverse and reverse die links: –/r5.

Type 2.8d (Ref. No. KE2108). Obverse and reverse die links: –/r4.

Type 2.9a (Ref. No. KE2120). Obverse and reverse die links: o3/r3.

Type 2.9b (Ref. No. KE2133). Obverse and reverse die links: o3/r3.

Type 2.9c (Ref. No. KE2135). Obverse and reverse die links: o3/r4.

Type 2.10a (Ref. No. KE2143). Obverse and reverse die links: –/r6.

Type 2.10b (Ref. No. KE2150). Obverse and reverse die links: o4/r6.

Type 2.11a (Ref. No. KE2171). Obverse and reverse die links: –/r5.

Type 2.12a (Ref. No. KE2197). Obverse and reverse die links: o6/r8.

Type 2.12b (Ref. No. KE2203). Obverse and reverse die links: o4/r8.

Type 2.12c (Ref. No. KE2206). Obverse and reverse die links: o6/–.

Type 2.12d (Ref. No. KE2216). Obverse and reverse die links: o6/–.